How To Install MariaDB Databases on a FreeBSD v10/11 Unix Server
I
‘m a new FreeBSD unix user. How can I install MariaDB database server on a FreeBSD unix based system?
MySQL is a very fast, multi-threaded, multi-user and robust SQL database server. The latest version is located at /usr/ports/databases/mysql57-server/. MariaDB is a database server that offers drop-in replacement functionality for MySQL1. MariaDB is built by some of the original authors of MySQL, with assistance from the broader community of Free and open source software developers around the world. In addition to the core functionality of MySQL, MariaDB offers a rich set of feature enhancements including alternate storage engines, server optimizations, and patches. The latest version is located at /usr/ports/databases/mariadb55-server/. In this tutorial, you will learn how to install MariaDB server and create a databases, users, and grant sql rights using sql commands on a FreeBSD 10 or 11 server.
Update all your ports
Make sure your ports are installed and up to date. I like to do:
# portsnap fetch update && portupgrade -a
FreeBSD MariaDB installation
To install MariaDB Server, MariaDB Client and MariaDB Scripts type the following commands.
A note about MySQL and MariaDB server together
You cannot run MariaDB and MySQL installed together. You will have deinstall one or the other and the clients if you have them. If you want to run them both, you
will need them to be jailed apart. If you are new it’s best to not think about this and run them one at a time focusing on learning one or the other. So for example if you have MySQL and want to install MariaDB you need to deinstall before installing. Check what version you are using by typing the command as root:
# pkg version | grep mysql
or as user or root you can type this command:
# mysql –version
or use pkg command:
# pkg info | grep mysql
Make sure you backup database before you uninstall mysql-server. To deinstall that:
# cd /usr/ports/databases/mysql57-server/ && make deinstall clean
# cd /usr/ports/databases/mysql57-client/ && make deinstall clean
# rm -rf /var/db/mysql/
or use pkg command to delete them:
# pkg remove mysql56-server mysql56-client
# rm -rf /var/db/mysql/
Install MariaDB server
To install the port, type:
# cd /usr/ports/databases/mariadb100-server && make install clean
When you install make sure you check what you want off in the configuration:
Fig.01: FreeBSD 10 Mariadb Server Install Command
Or, to add the binary package using pkg command, run:
# pkg install databases/mariadb100-server
Sample outputs:
Fig.02: FreeBSD 10 Install Mariadb using the pkg command
Here is output from my FreeBSD 11 box:
Updating FreeBSD repository catalogue…
FreeBSD repository is up-to-date.
All repositories are up-to-date.
The following 5 package(s) will be affected (of 0 checked):
New packages to be INSTALLED:
mariadb100-server: 10.0.29
openssl: 1.0.2j_1,1
mariadb100-client: 10.0.29
readline: 6.3.8
indexinfo: 0.2.6
Number of packages to be installed: 5
The process will require 244 MiB more space.
34 MiB to be downloaded.
Proceed with this action? [y/N]: y
Install MariaDB client only
MariaDB Client will be installed automatically. You should now check following options:
[X] THREADSAFE Build thread-safe client
[X] SSL Activate SSL support (yassl)
However, if you need MariaDB client on another FreeBSD server or jail, run:
# cd /usr/ports/databases/mariadb100-client
# make install clean
OR
# pkg install databases/mariadb100-client
Sample outputs:
Fig.03: FreeBSD 11 install mariadb client
How do I start MariaDB on boot?
Type the following command:
echo mysql_enable= YES >> /etc/rc.conf
How do I install MariaDB server configuration file?
MariaDB respects FreeBSD layout of file systems (and doesn’t check /etc and /etc/mysql for my.cnf. You will find the following default config files:
# ls -l /usr/local/share/mysql/my*.cnf
Sample outputs:
-rw-r–r– 1 root wheel 4898 Nov 26 12:56 /usr/local/share/mysql/my-huge.cnf
-rw-r–r– 1 root wheel 20418 Nov 26 12:56 /usr/local/share/mysql/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf
-rw-r–r– 1 root wheel 4885 Nov 26 12:56 /usr/local/share/mysql/my-large.cnf
-rw-r–r– 1 root wheel 4898 Nov 26 12:56 /usr/local/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf
-rw-r–r– 1 root wheel 2824 Nov 26 12:56 /usr/local/share/mysql/my-small.cnf
I’m setting up a medium sized server, so I’m going to copy /usr/local/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf to /usr/local/etc/ directory using cp command:
# cp /usr/local/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /usr/local/etc/my.cnf
To edit /usr/local/etc/my.cnf, enter:
# vi !!:2
OR
# vi /usr/local/etc/my.cnf
To enable remote access to MariaDB database server, enter:
# change ip
bind-address = 127.0.0.1
Save and close the file.
How do I start/stop/restart MariaDB on a FreeBSD 10?
To start the server you are going to type:
# service mysql-server start
You will see the following information when you start the server for the first time:
Fig.03 Starting the start for the first time
To stop the server you are going to type:
# service mysql-server stop
To restart the server you are going to type:
# service mysql-server restart
To see the server status you are going to type:
# service mysql-server status
You can also use the following commands for the same purpose:
call rc.d script to control MariaDB server ##
/usr/local/etc/rc.d/mysql-server start
/usr/local/etc/rc.d/mysql-server stop
/usr/local/etc/rc.d/mysql-server restart
/usr/local/etc/rc.d/mysql-server status
Sample outputs:
Fig.04: Starting/Stopping MariaDB server on a FreeBSD 10
How do I set root user password for MariaDB?
You should create password for root user after MariaDB installation, enter:
# mysqladmin -u root password YOURSECUREPASSWORD
Alternatively, I suggest that you can run the following command to set root password. This command will also give you the option of removing the test databases and anonymous user created by default. This is strongly recommended for production servers:
# /usr/local/bin/mysql_secure_installation
Sample outputs:
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we ll need the current
password for the root user. If you ve just installed MariaDB, and
you haven t set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.
Enter current password for root (enter for none):
OK, successfully used password, moving on…
Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.
Set root password? [Y/n] y
New password:
Re-enter new password:
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
… Success!
By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y
… Success!
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from localhost . This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y
… Success!
By default, MariaDB comes with a database named test that anyone can
access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y
– Dropping test database…
… Success!
– Removing privileges on test database…
… Success!
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y
… Success!
Cleaning up…
All done! If you ve completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.
Thanks for using MariaDB!
Notes: If you get message with unknown MySQL version when installing ports, you should edit /etc/make.conf and add line:
MYSQL52_LIBVER=16
You can edit with ee or your favorite editor. With ee type:
ee /etc/make.conf
MYSQL52_LIBVER=16
pres Esc
a,a
or b if you do not want to save the changes.
How do I connect to MariaDB server?
The syntax is:
mysql
mysql -u user -p
mysql -h db-hostname-here -u user-name-here -p
How do I create MariaDB database and users?
First, login as root user:
mysql -u root -p mysql
Sample outputs:
Fig.05: Connecting to the server using mysql client
Create a new mysql database called foo. Type the following command at mysql> prompt:
MariaDB [mysql]> CREATE DATABASE foo;
Create a new user called user1 for database called foo with a password called ‘hiddensecret’:
MariaDB [mysql]> GRANT ALL ON foo.* TO user1@localhost IDENTIFIED BY hiddensecret ;
How do I connect to MariaDB database foo using user1 account?
User user1 can connect to the foo database using the following shell command:
$ mysql -u user1 -p foo
OR
$ mysql -u user1 -h your-mysql-server-host-name-here -p foo
Sample session:
Fig.06: Creating users and database on the MariaDB server
See “Mysql User Creation: Setting Up a New MySQL User Account” tutorial for more information.
How do I enable remote access to the MariaDB server?
Edit the my.cnf file, run:
# vi /usr/local/etc/my.cnf
Make sure line skip-networking is commented (or remove line) and add the following line in the [mysqld] section:
bind-address=YOUR-SERVER-IP
For example, if your MariaDB server IP is 192.168.1.5 then entire block should be look like as follows:
# The MariaDB server
[mysqld]
port = 3306
bind-address = 192.168.1.5
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 16M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 64
sort_buffer_size = 512K
net_buffer_length = 8K
read_buffer_size = 256K
read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
# Point the following paths to different dedicated disks
#tmpdir = /tmp/
# Don t listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement,
# if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host.
# All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes.
# Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows
# (via the enable-named-pipe option) will render mysqld useless!
#
#skip-networking
log-bin=mysql-bin
binlog_format=mixed
server-id = 1
Save and close the file. Restart the server:
# service mysql-server restart
Update your pf.conf file:
allows mysql client from 192.168.1.200 ##
pass in on $ext_if proto tcp from 192.168.1.200to any port 3306 flags S/SA synproxy state
Restart pf and test connectivity from 192.168.1.200 by typing any one of the following command:
# use nc for port testing ##
nc -z -w1 192.168.1.5 3306
# or old good telnet ##
echo X | telnet -e X 192.168.1.5 3306
telnet -e X 192.168.1.5 3306<<< X
or use mysql client ##
mysql -h 192.168.1.5 -u USER -p DB
How do I grant access to an existing database over the LAN based session?
Let us assume that you are always making connection from remote IP called 192.168.1.200 for database called foo for user bar, To grant access to this IP address type the following command at MariaDB [mysql]> prompt for existing database, enter:
MariaDB [mysql]> update db set Host= 192.168.1.200 where Db= foo ;
MariaDB [mysql]> update user set Host= 192.168.1.200 where user= bar ;
See “How Do I Enable Remote Access To MySQL Database Server?” tutorial for more information.
How to open ports in a FreeBSD pf firewall
Add the following rule in your pf.conf file:
pass in on $ext_if proto tcp from any to any port 3306
OR only allow access from 192.168.1.10:
pass in on $ext_if proto tcp from 192.168.1.10 to any port 3306
