Explain: {,} in cp or mv Bash Shell Commands

omid linux, training January 6, 2018
I often see commands as follows posted on blog or forums cp /etc/httpd/httpd.{,.bakup} OR mv resume{z,}.doc What is the purpose of {,} in Linux and Unix shell commands?   {} is nothing but brace expansion…
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FreeBSD Show Disk Quota Limits Command

omid linux, training January 6, 2018
I ‘m a new FreeBSD unix user and backup file on a FreeBSD based unix server. How can I check quota limits and disk usage using shell prompt on a FreeBSD based system?   You…
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curl Command Resume Broken Download

msrxp linux, training January 6, 2018
I know wget can resume a failed download. I am on a Mac OS X and do now want to install wget command. How can I resume a failed download using curl command on Linux…
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How To: Update gcutil / gcloud Components On a Linux / Unix / OS X

msrxp linux, training January 6, 2018
H ow can I update for Google Cloud SDK components on a Linux or OS X unix based systems?   The easiest and recommended way is to use gcloud command to update various Google cloud…
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Minify and Compress CSS & Javascript Files At a Linux/Unix Shell Prompt

msrxp linux, training January 6, 2018
How do I minify and compress CSS & JS files on Linux or Unix-like system using shell prompt on my server? How can I minify JavaScripts and stylesheets at shell promot so they can download…
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Linux / Unix: chroot Command Examples

omid linux, training January 6, 2018
I am a new Linux and Unix user. How do I change the root directory of a command? How do I change the root directory of a process such as web-server using a chroot command…
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How To Setup SSH Keys on a Linux / Unix System

msrxp linux, training January 6, 2018
I recently read that SSH keys provide a secure way of logging into a Linux and Unix-based server. How do I set up SSH keys on a Linux or Unix based systems? In SSH for…
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Linux/Unix: Find Command Ignore Case Insensitive Search

omid linux, training January 6, 2018
I am a new Linux and Unix-command line user. I am using find command to search file called “fooBar.conf.sample” in my home directory. I do not know the case, it could be uppercase, lowercase, or…
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X11 forwarding request failed on channel 0 Error and Solution

omid linux, training January 6, 2018
I am a new Linux server user. I need to tunnel X over ssh. I type the following command from OS X Unix terminal to login into far_away_machine (a centos server): ssh -X -o options…
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Unix: Find Directory Name From Path

msrxp linux, training January 6, 2018
I am a new Unix shell programer. How can I extract the directory name from a full path (say /nas01/data/backups/file.tar.gz)? How do I get directory name from its path on a Linux or Unix-like system?…
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