A function is a predefined formula that makes functional calculations of eigenvalues ​​in a particular statement. Excel contains several common functions that can be used to quickly obtain sum, mean, count, maximum, and minimum (MIN) values ​​for a group of cells.

In order to use functions correctly, you need to have different parts of an operation and how to create identifiers to calculate cell values ​​and references.

Note: In this tutorial, we may use operations (equivalent to function) in some places. First, watch the following video and if not enough, read on:

Parts of a function

In order to work properly, an action must be written in a special way called syntax. The symbol that is necessary for any operation is the symbol (=) or sum (sum) and then one or more identifiers. Identifiers contain the information you want to calculate. In the following example, the values ​​from cell A1 to A20 are calculated. ID The name of the equal sign operation

Work with IDs

Identifiers can refer to both single cells and a row of cells and must be in parentheses. You can put one or more identifiers in parentheses, depending on what type of symbol or syntax you provide for the operation. For example, the average operation from cell B1 to B9 = Average (b1: b9) will calculate the average of the values ​​from cell B1 to cell B9.

Several functions must be separated by a comma (,). For example, the operation = sum (A1: A3, C1: C2, E1) sums the values ​​of all cells into three identifiers.

Build a new function (create function)

Excel has a variety of operations available. Here are some common operations that you will use.

• SUM: This action sums the values ​​in the ID cells.
• Average: The average of the values ​​that are in the identifier, that operation calculates the sum of cells and then the sum is divided by the number and the result is obtained.
• Count: This operation counts cells numerically in the identifier. This operation is useful for quickly counting goods in a cell row.
• Max: This operation determines the maximum number of cells in an identifier.
• Min: This operation specifies the minimum value in an identifier.

Create the main function

In our example, we will create a principal operation to calculate the average for the list of recently ordered goods with the average function.

1. Select the desired cell to perform the operation. In the example we select cell c11.

2. Type the (=) sign and enter the name of the operation. You can also view the man operation from the list of suggested operations under the cell you typed. In our example, we type = = Average.

3. Enter a row of cells for the ID in parentheses. In our example, (C3: C10), this formula computes the values ​​from the C10 cell, adds them, and then divides them by the total number of cells and determines the mean.

4. Press the enter key on the keyboard. The operation will calculate and the result will appear in the cell. In our example, the average price per unit of goods ordered was $ 15.93.

   Excel does not always tell you that your formula is wrong, so you should go ahead and check your formulas.

Create an operation using the command (auto sum) (automatic sum)

The Autosam command allows you to automatically enter most common operations, including sum, average, count, minimum and maximum, into your formula.

1. Select the cell in which you want the operation to be. In the example we will select cell D12.

2- In the Editing group, find the arrow on the home bar, then select the autosum command and then the desired operation from the menu. In our example, we choose sum.

3- The selected action will appear in that cell. If placed logically, the autosam command, or autocomplete, will automatically select a cell row for the identifier. In our example, cells D3 to D11 are automatically selected and their values ​​are added together to calculate the total price. You can also manually enter a row of cells into the ID.

4. Press the ENTER key on the keyboard. The action will calculate and the result will appear in that cell. In our example, the sum of cells D3 to D11 is $ 606.05.

The Autosam command is also accessible from the formula bar on the ribbon.

Operations Library

While there are thousands of operations in Excel, the operations you use most often depend on the type of data contained in your workbook. You do not need to learn each operation separately, but it will be useful to consider several different types of operations when you create new files. You can search for operations by classification such as financial, logical, text, date and time, and more from the operations library on the formula bar.

• To access the operations library, select the formula bar on the ribbon.

• Click each option to learn more about the types of operations in Excel.

• Import an operation from the operations library
• In the example below, we will use an operation to calculate the number of working days it takes for the goods to be received after being ordered. In our example, we will use the data in columns B and C to calculate the delivery time in column D.

1. Select the cell in which you want the operation to be. In our example, we select cell D3.

2. Click the formula bar on the ribbon to access the operation.

3- From the operation group, select the operation group you want. In the example we have selected the date and time.

4. From this option, select the operation you want. In our example, we have selected the network days operation to count the number of business days from the order date to the delivery date.

5. When that option is selected, the operation ID table appears. From here you can enter or select cells that structure identifiers in operations. In our example, we have entered B3 in the start date field and C3 in the end date field…

6. OK when you are satisfied with the IDs.

7- That action is calculated and the result will appear in the cell. In our example, the result shows that it takes 4 business days to receive that order.

Like formulas, operations can be copied to adjacent cells. To do this, move the mouse to the house where the operation is located, click. Hold and drag the handle towards the cells you want to fill. The operation will be transferred and the values ​​for those cells and their rows and columns will be calculated.

Click, hold, and drag to copy a function to other cells

Insert Operation Command

If you have trouble finding the right operation, the Insert command allows you to search by keyword for the operation. While this may be useful, it is sometimes difficult to use. If you do not have much experience in operations, you may be more successful than visiting the operations library instead. However, in a more advanced way, the Insert operation command can be a powerful way to find operations quickly.

Use the Insert command

In the following example, we want to find an action that counts the total number of goods ordered. We want to count the cells in the product column that use the text. We can not just use the Count operation because it only counts cells with numerical information. Instead, we look for an operation that counts the total number of cells in a row of cells.

1. Select the cell in which you want to perform the operation. In the example we have selected cell B16.

2. Select the formula bar on the ribbon and then select the Insert function command.

3- The Insert function table will appear.

4. Type a few keywords to explain the calculation you want the action to do. Then click go. In the example we typed count cells, but you can open the drawer and search further from its subgroup.

5. Review the results to find the desired operation. Then click ok. In our example, we have selected count A. Because it will count the number of cells from the row of cells.

6. The operational ID table will appear. Select the value 1 field. Then enter and select the desired cells. In our example, we have selected the row of cells A3: A10, (A3 to A10). You may continue to add other identifiers in the Value 2 field, but here we just want to count the number of cells A3 to A10 for us. Then click ok.

7. The operation will calculate and as a result will appear in the cell. In our example, the result shows that a total of 8 products have been ordered.

If you have any questions or comments about working with Excel functions or formulas, please share them in the comments section with Quick Easy.

Excel allows you to change the width of columns and the height of rows in a variety of ways, including wrapping text and merging cells.   

To edit and change the column width in Excel

In the example below, some of the contents in column A cannot be displayed. We can make all of this content visible by changing the width of column A:

1. Place the mouse on the column bar at the top of the column to turn the mouse pointer into a symmetrical pointer on both sides of the arrow ( ).

2. Click, hold and drag to increase or decrease the width of the column.

3- Release the mouse, the width of the column will change.

If you see link symbols (#######) in a cell, it means that the column is not wide enough to display the contents of that cell. Simply increase the width of the column to display the contents of the house.

Learning Excel is easy !! If you use the best quick and basic training packages .

Automatic adjustment of column width

The auto-adjust feature allows you to adjust the width of the columns automatically according to its content:

1. Place the mouse on the column bar at the top of the column to turn the mouse pointer into a symmetrical pointer on both sides of the arrow ( ).

2- Double-click with the mouse, the width of the column changes automatically according to the content.

You can also adjust the width for multiple columns at once. Select the columns you want to adjust automatically, then select the AutoFit Column width command from the Format drop-down menu on the Home tab. This method is also used for the height of the rows.

To change the row height

1. Place the mouse on the row line at the top of the row to turn the mouse pointer into a symmetrical pointer on both sides of the arrow ( ).

2- Click, hold and drag to increase or decrease the height of the row with the mouse.

3- Release the mouse, the height of the selected row will change.

To change all rows or columns

Instead of resizing rows and columns separately, you can resize the width of the rows and columns at the same time. This method allows you to set a uniform size for each row and column on your worksheet. In our example, it sets the same height of the rows.

1.    Find and click on it, then click Select All, click. (Just below the formula bar to select each cell on each worksheet)

2. Place the mouse on the row line at the top of the row to turn the mouse pointer into a symmetrical pointer on both sides of the arrow ( ).

3- To increase or decrease the height of the row, click, hold and drag with the mouse.

4. When you are satisfied with the height of the new row for the worksheet, release the mouse.

Insert, delete, move and hide rows and columns

After practicing with this workbook for a while, you may find that you want to insert a new column or row, delete rows or columns, move them to another location on the worksheet, and even Hide.

Important Note:  Comprehensive and visual training for working with functions and formulas in Excel (Functions)

To insert rows

1. Select the row in which you want the new row to be displayed. For example, if you want to enter a row between rows 7 and 8, select row 8.

2. Click the Insert command on the Home tab.

3. A new row appears at the top of the selected row.

When placing new rows, columns or cells, you will see the Insert options button next to the entered cells. This button allows you to select Excel to format this push cell. By default, Excel imports rows with the same formatting as the top row cells. To access more options, hover your mouse over the Insert options button, then click the drop-down arrow.

To insert columns

1. Select the column title from where you want the new column to be displayed. For example, if you want to insert a column between columns D and E, select column E.

2. Click the Insert command on the Home tab.

3. A new column appears to the left of the selected column.

   When placing rows and columns, be sure to select the entire row or column by clicking on its title. If you select only one cell in a row or column, the Insert command inserts only one new cell.

To delete rows

1. Deleting rows of your notebook that you no longer need is easy. Select the rows you want to delete, in our example we select rows 6 and 8.

2. Click the Delete button on the Home tab.

3- The selected rows are deleted and the following rows are increased. In our example, rows 9-11 are now rows 6-8.

To remove columns

1. Select the columns you want to delete, in the example we select column E.

2. Click the Delete button on the Home tab.

3- The selected columns are removed and the right columns move to the left. In our example Column F is now Column E.

 It is important to understand the difference between deleting a row or column and simply deleting its contents. If you want to change the content of a row or column without changing other rows or columns, right-click on a title and then select Delete from the drop-down menu and delete the content.

To move a row or column

Sometimes you may want to change a column or row to rearrange the contents of your worksheet. For example, we move a column but you can move a row the same way:

1. Select the desired column you want to move, then click the Cut button on the main screen or press Ctrl + X on your keyboard.

2. Move the column title to the right where you want to move the column. For example, if you want the column to move between columns B and C, select column C.

3. Click the Insert command on the Home tab, then select Insert Cut Cells from the drop-down menu.

4- The column is moved to the selected location and the right column moves to the right.

You can also access the cut and paste commands by right-clicking the mouse and then selecting the desired commands from the drop-down menu.

To hide or show a row or a column

In fact, you may want to change a particular row or column without changing the structure of your tab. Excel allows you to hide rows or columns as needed. In the example, we hide columns C and D to make it easier to compare columns B, A and E:

1. Select the columns you want to hide. Right-click and then hide them from the formatting menu.

2- The columns will be hidden, the green line shows the position of the hidden columns.

3- To display columns, select the columns to the left and right of the hidden columns (columns on either side of the hidden columns). In the example, we select columns B and E.

4- Right-click with the mouse and then select Unhide from the formatting menu. Hidden columns reappear

Text packaging and merged cells

Whenever the cell content of too much of a cell is displayed, you may decide to wrap the text or merge the cell with a column instead of resizing it. Closing text automatically changes the height of the cell row and allows the contents of the cell to be displayed in multiple lines. Merge allows you to combine a cell with adjacent empty cells to create a larger cell.

To put text in cells

In the following example, we cover the text of column D cells and display the entire address:

1. Select the cells you want to package. In this example we select the cells in column D.

2. Select the Wrap Text command on the Home tab.

3- The text will be wrapped in the selected cells.

Double-click on Wrap Text to open the text.

To merge cells using the Merge and Center command

In the following example, we select cell A1 with cell B1: E1 to create the title in our tab:

1. Select the cell range you want to merge.

2. Select the Merge and Center command on the Home tab.

3. The selected cells will be merged and the text will be centralized.

For access to more integration options

Click the drop-down arrow next to the Merge command in the Home screen browser. The Merge drop-down menu will appear. You can choose from here:

• Merge and Center: Attaches selected cells to a cell and centralizes text.
• Merge across: Moves selected cells to larger cells while keeping each row separate.
• And Merge Cells: Attaches selected cells to a cell, but does not centralize text.
• Eliminate cell fusion: Separates selected cells.

Again, if you have any questions or comments about working with Excel, ask them in the comments section quickly and easily.

The Office suite has various features and menus. One of these features is Excel, which has many applications in the field of engineering, administrative, financial and accounting. 

features , One of the applications of Excel program for drawing tables, drawing diagrams, writing formulas, preparing databases, dashboards and column numbering is for quick and easy calculations and.. Excel program has the ability to perform these calculations accurately and away from errors and mistakes, and few people have not used Excel to store and analyze accounting or mathematical information.

How to type numbers automatically in Excel:

What we deal with a lot in Excel is entering numbers in columns. But doing this manually is time consuming. So you have to find an automatic way to do this. For this purpose, we first load a table like the following table. Our intention is to enter the row number and register the national code in front of it.

The best and fastest way to enter row numbers automatically is to first write the number 1 in column A2 and then click on the cursor and drag this number as far as you like, as shown below.

Now click on the menu that has been created (Auto Fill Aptions) and select the Fill Series option from the menu that opens to change the selected numbers as shown in the image below.

But if you want to do this using a function, the easiest way is to use the ROW function . That is, in cell A2, type the following formula and then drag it:     1 – () ROW =

Another function through which you can do the same is the OFFSET function . When using this function, the cell above cell A2 must be empty or zero. So you have to type the following formula in the same cell A2:    +1 (OFFSET (A2, -1,0 =

After clearing the row title, press the Enter key and drag the resulting answer in cell A2 as much as you need.

If you want, enter the personal national code in the second column so that the number counter is in the number column. In other words, you want to do something. Whenever you write something in column B, then the counter is automatically placed in column A. To do this, just enter the following formula in cell A2:  IF (B2 <> ””, ROW () – 1, ””) K =

Copy this formula in each cell of the first column. From now on, you can register any code in the second column and see the counter in the first column, which is registered automatically. Like the image below:

It should be noted that in the articles published on the quick and easy site, an attempt has been made to present the content in a new way and in the most concise and complete form possible, but if you have any questions about this part of Excel training, please let us know in the comments section. features

Introduction:

Since Excel program has various attractions and applications, it is one of the programs that never bores anyone. One of the wonders of this program is that using a formula or short command can avoid a long computational operation that is very time consuming. In the following, you will get acquainted with another application command of Excel program.

How to freeze rows and columns in Excel:

Sometimes in Excel you have a lot of rows (more than 100 rows) and if you want to go to 80 rows you will definitely not be able to see the capitals you have defined. So to view their title, you must perform the following method so that you can see the title of the header in each row you went to. Consider the following table:

To be able to fix the first row, first click on the Freeze Top Row option, as shown in the image below from the VIEW tab and the Freeze Panes section.

 View> Window> Freeze Panes> Freeze Top Row

Select the Freeze Top Column option if you want to fix the first column. In fact, when we scroll down, we want the name of each column to stay up. Then do this command for all columns separately.

To disable this mode, just click on the Unfreeze Panes option from the previous path, ie the VIEW tab, and the Freeze Panes section, so that our file returns to its previous state.

Also, if you want to fix more rows and columns, you must select a row after the row you want to fix and click on the Freeze Panes icon. For example, in the table below, we want the first 5 rows to be fixed. Click on the top of the sixth row and then click on Freeze Panes.

To reverse this, you can do the same as shown below:

The educational content of this post is very simple and clear, but if you still have questions about this topic, you can ask us in the comments section.

Do not look at these Excel formulas through the eyes of mathematics. These formulas can save you from doing manual calculations. After reading this educational article, you will acquire the following skills:

• Calculate the average score of your exams.
• Quickly calculate the invoices you have issued to your customers.
• Use basic statistics to review a set of data for trends and indicators.

Formula Basics

Before we get started, let’s look at how to use formulas in Microsoft Excel. The following tips will help you master Excel (even if you do not deal with mathematical formulas in Excel).

1- Formulas in Excel start with “=”

To type a formula, click a cell in Microsoft Excel and type an equal sign.

After the equal sign, you can put different things inside the cell. Type 4 + 4 = as your first formula and press enter to see the result. Excel will display the number 8 and the formula will remain on the screen.

2- Formulas are shown in the Excel formula bar

When you type a formula in a cell, you can see the result by pressing the Enter key. But by selecting a cell, you can see the formula of that cell in the formula bar.

To display the formula, just click on a cell in Excel, such as the multiplication formula in the example above, which results in 125.

In the example above, the number “8” will be displayed, but when we click on it, the formula bar shows that it adds cell 4 to 4.

3- How to make a formula

In the example above, we typed a simple addition formula to add two numbers. However, you do not always have to type numbers, you can refer to other cells.

Excel is a network of cells consisting of columns from left to right, each dedicated to a letter, as well as numbered rows. Each cell is the intersection of a row and a column. For example, the cell that intersects column A and row 3 is called A3.

Excel formulas can be written based on values ​​in several cells, such as multiplying A1 and B1 to calculate the value of C1, which is equal to 125.

Suppose I have two cells with prime numbers like 1 and 2 that are in cells A2 and A3. When I type a formula, I can start with “=” as usual. Then continue it as follows:

= A2 + A3

… To add those two numbers together. It is very common to have a sheet containing quantities, and a separate sheet for calculations. Keep this in mind when working with this article. For each of the formulas, you can reference cells, or type numeric values ​​directly into the formula.

If you want to change the formula you typed before, double-click the cell and reset the values.

Account in Excel

In this section, we will examine Excel mathematical formulas and how to use them. Let’s start by examining basic arithmetic formulas. These formulas are the basis of mathematical operations.

1- Addition and subtraction

Addition and subtraction are two basic mathematical formulas in Excel. If you want to calculate your monthly business cost list or digitally balance your ledger, you need to use addition and subtraction.

For practice, you can use the “Add and Subtract” tab in the workbook.

Add values:

Example:

48 + 24 =

Or the reference values ​​of the following cells:

= A2 + A3

Tip: Try adding five or six values ​​to see what happens. Separate each item with a plus sign.

To add values ​​in Excel, type two numbers and the “+” sign or add two reference cells together.

Subtract the values

Example:

75-25 +10 =

Or the reference values ​​of the following cells:

= A3-A2

Subtract the two values ​​in Excel by typing the numbers directly in the box, or by separating them with a “-” sign or referencing two cells with a “-” sign between them.

۲- ضرب

Use * to multiply values. Use multiplication instead of adding values ​​many times.

You can use the “Multiply” tab in the workbook to practice.

Example:

5 * 4 =

Or the reference values ​​of the following cells:

= A2 * A3

Multiplication in Excel uses the * symbol between two values ​​or a reference cell.

3- Division

Dividing is useful in separating groups from each other. Use “/” to divide the numbers or values ​​in the cells on your page.

You can use the “Devide” tab in the workbook to practice.

Example:

20/10 =

Or reference values ​​in cells with:

= A5 / B2

Divide the values ​​in Excel with /, with the values ​​in the formula or between two cells.

Basic statistics

You can use the “Basic Statistics” tab in your workbook to practice.

Now that you know the basics of math, let’s move on to more advanced ones. Basic statistics are useful for reviewing a set of data and drawing conclusions about it. In the next section, we will review some simple and common statistical formulas.

1- Average

To use the mean formula in Excel, your formula with

AVERAGE (=

Start and then enter the values. Separate numbers with commas. When you enter Enter, Excel will calculate the average and display the output.

= AVERAGE (1,3,5,7,10)

The best way to calculate the mean is to enter your values ​​in separate cells in a single column.

= AVERAGE (A2: A5)

Use the formula AVERAGE = to calculate the average of a set of comma separated values ​​or a set of cells as in the example above.

2- Middle

The middle of a set of data is the value in the middle of it. If you sort the numeric values ​​from small to large, the middle will be in the middle of that list.

= MEDIAN (1,3,5,7,10)

I recommend typing your values ​​into a set of cells, and then using the middle formula above the cells that contain the typed values.

= MEDIAN (A2: A5)

Use the MEDIAN = formula to find the middle, or the formula in the list of cells that have values.

3- Minimum (minimum)

Use the MIN formula in Excel to find the minimum set of data. To find the smallest value in a data set, you can use the MIN formula with a set of numbers, separated by commas. This method will be very useful when working with large data sets.

= MIN (1,3,5,7,9)

If you want to find the minimum set of data, you can use the following formula:

= MIN (A1: E1)

Use the Excel MIN formula to find the minimum set of values ​​separated by commas or a large number of cells.

Validation Data If invalid data is entered, the program displays a message and prevents the user from entering this data. To better understand this feature, let’s take an example:

In column A we have a list of our products and we want to prepare a drop-down list of all products.

To do this, follow these steps:

• Select any cell in the worksheet you want.
• To create a drop-down list, go to Data > Data Tools > Then click on Data Validation .

• Or can the shortcut ALT + D + L used.
• The Data Validation dialog box appears.

• In the Allow list , select “List” .

• In the Source tab , select the range of your product list.

Note: Before clicking OK , you will notice that the “Ignore blank” and “In-cell Dropdown” boxes are checked by default . The first box is “Ignore blank” to allow or not to allow empty cells to enter as input. If you uncheck it, Excel will not allow empty cells to enter, and if an empty cell is entered, an error message will appear. 

“In-cell dropdown” is used to display the arrow next to the cell (drop-down list flash). Therefore, if you uncheck this option, the slider will disappear.

• Now go to “Input Message” and there in the title box , write ” Select Product Name ” and in the input message box , write “Select the product name from the list” .

Then we go to the “Error Alert” section . You will see that the style is set to ” STOP ” by default . Therefore, in the title box , write “Invalid Product Name” and then in the error message box , “Please select the product name from the list” . And now we click on OK .

By clicking OK , we can slide the arrow to see the incoming message in a yellow box.

• After clicking on the drop-down menu, we can see all the products we selected in the drop-down list. You can select and use any of these instead of typing or remembering them.

Note: To delete text in a cell that has validation, you can go to the cell and click on it and then press the Delete key . Content will be removed from the cell but will remain in the drop-down list.

Also, the drop-down list does not open when you click on normal (invalid) cells. In other words, only if you click on cells that have validation, a drop-down list will open.

If you want to remove the data validation completely from the cell or domain, just go to the data validation window . There you will see the “Clear All” option.

Click on it and then click OK . When you click enter, the data validation is removed from the cell.

There is another way to create a drop-down list. We can create a drop-down list by defining the domain name. To better understand this method, follow these steps:

• Well, we have the same list as before, sorted from A9 to A15 .
• Select the range and now we can go to the name box to define a name for this range or we can use the Define Name field to name it.
• Go to the Formula > Defined Names tab and then click on Define Name .

• Now write “Product_Name” in the name box . We see the range we have already selected here. Then click OK .

• Go to the Data Validation window again and select “List” in the validation criteria section . This time, instead of selecting the range, we see the name we entered in the defined name field in the source box .

Note: If you remember the name you gave to this list, you can type it here. To do this, first press the “=” sign or the F3 key until the “PASTE NAME” window appears. 

You can find all the names in the workbook in this window.

• We name the range “Product_Name” , click on it and then click OK .
• We click OK to create a drop-down list for this cell.

Well, this way you can create a drop-down list using data validation in Excel.

To do this, we use the ‘Go to special’ tool to select constants, formulas, empty cells, and so on.

To better understand an example:

Here we have the details of credit card payments that inform us whether the payments have been made or not.

How to choose constants?

To select constants, we consider things like number, text, logical operations, or error. To select a fixed, follow these steps:

• The keyboard shortcut Ctrl + G button to dialog ‘Go to Special’ open.
• The ‘Go to’ dialog box appears.

• Click the Special button
• The ‘Go to Special’ dialog box will open.

• Click on Constants .
• This activates all constants.

• Click ” ok “.
• All data is selected except empty formulas and cells.

How to select cells containing Comments in Excel?

To select the cells containing Comment below steps to follow:

• The keyboard shortcut Ctrl + G button to dialog ‘Go to Special’ open.
• The ‘Go to’ dialog box appears.

• Click the Special button
• The ‘Go to Special’ dialog box will open.
• Click on Comments

• Click ‘ ok’ .
• All cells containing comments are selected.

How to select formula cells in Excel?

Follow the steps below to select cells containing the formula:

• The keyboard shortcut Ctrl + G button to dialog ‘Go to Special’ open.
• The ‘Go to’ dialog box appears.

• Click the Special button
• The ‘Go to Special’ dialog box will open.
• Click on Formulas

• Only cells containing the formula are selected.

To better understand this, let us give an example:

In column A we have a list of daily activities and in column C we indicate whether they are important or not.

In column B , we want to indicate with a mark whether this activity is important or not. We can enter a formula in conditional formatting to check the check mark.

• In cell B2 , enter the formula = IF (C2 = “YES”, 1,0) .
• The above formula gives us the number 1 or 0, depending on the selection in column C. You can see that if there was a yes value in column C, a value of 1 was placed in column B for that row.

To apply conditional formatting:

• Select the cells in which the conditional formatting should be applied.
• Click the Home tab .
• From the Styles group , click Condition Formatting .
• Select New Rule .

• You can also use the ALT + O + D shortcut key .
• The New Formatting Rule dialog box appears.

In the Format Style box :

• Select Icon Sets

• Click on the green icon and select the green icon that has a tick.

• In the Value field , enter 1 and in the Type field , select Number .

• Now change the yellow circle to the white circle (all white).

• In the Value field , enter 0 and change the Type to Number .

• Change the third circle to No Cell Icon .

• The last step is to check the Show Icon Only section.

• Double-click the OK button.

This way you can create your checklist using conditional formatting.

The CONCATENATE function allows you to bring cell text from multiple cells into a single cell and link them together.

Let’s take an example to better understand how text cells can be combined.

Example 1: In the range A1: B11 have information (corresponding to the first row contains a description of the photo below), the first text string in column A and the second string in column B is located. To combine both text strings and put the result of this combination in one cell, follow these steps:

• Select cell C2 (data is from the second row onwards).
• Enter the formula CONCATENATE (A2, “”, B2) in that cell.
• Press enter on the keyboard.
• This function combines the text of cell A2 and cell B2 and writes inside cell C2 with a space between them.
• Copy the formula to combine the text of the other cells.
• After selecting the formula, press “CTRL + C” and select cells C3 to C11 and press “CTRL + V” on the keyboard.

You can use another formula to combine the text of different cells:

• Select cell C2 .
• Enter the formula A2 & ”“ & B2 . Here & is the symbol of the connection between the text string in A2 and the text string in B2 .
• Press enter on the keyboard.
• This function combines the text A2 and B2 in cell C2 and separates them with a space.
• Copy the formula to combine the text of the other cells.
• After selecting the formula, press “CTRL + C” and select cells C3 to C11 and press “CTRL + V” on the keyboard.

In this example we have combined 2 strings. But if necessary, we can combine several text strings into a text string, provided that the total text in the cell does not exceed 255 words.

We can use this tool to analyze performance rates, scores, scores and more.

The above may be confusing to some people, so let’s start with an example of ANOVA single factor . ( ANOVA: Single Factor : Analyzing the variance in which we have a dependent variable and an independent variable. For example, the dependent variable is blood pressure and the independent variable is the amount of salt consumption or a person’s weight.)

Here is a list of some points.

In the tab, select Data > Data Analysis as shown below.

Note: Can’t find data analysis button? Download the Analysis ToolPak plugin .

Click on Data Analysis to display its dialog box.

Now select Descriptive Statistics and click OK .

The Descriptive Statistics dialog box appears. Fill in the options as shown below.

Click OK to view details of your scores .

As you can see, you can see the details of the entered data.