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Learn different ways to enter the BIOS for some system changes

msrxp — Tue, 21 Jan 2020 12:56:52 +0000

Computers depend on the BIOS to boot. Therefore, logging into BIOS is required for some system changes. Your computer has a BIOS , no matter what operating system it runs.

BIOS, also called up-to-date UEFI systems, tells the computer what drives it has for storage and which one it uses to boot the system. By logging on to BIOS you can change things like ordering the system boot, setting up the boot password, disabling ports or other parts of the system, and even overclocking the processor.

There are several ways to access BIOS on a PC.

Method One: Use the BIOS key

When you turn on a computer, the system checks its status very quickly. If you hit the BIOS shortcut before doing this check or basically hold it down before turning it on and then hit the Power button, you will enter the BIOS menu, but some computers do a quick check or POST so that This method does not work; then you can use the second method.

Unfortunately, different computer brands use different BIOS keys. The most up-to-date motherboards with the DEL key come into the BIOS, but laptops and desktops have almost no rules. For example, on Asus devices, pressing the F2 key may take you to the BIOS menu, but you should use the F10 key to access the same menu on Acer computers.

If you are not aware of your computer’s BIOS shortcut, be aware that there may be some information on the first page that appears after turning on the system. This key is usually one of the DEL, F, Inter or ESC keys, but the most common keys are DEL and F2; however, you may have to turn the system on and off several times to find your system’s dedicated BIOS key.

BIOS keys in manufacturer separation

Below is a list of common BIOS keys between different brands. These keys may vary depending on the new or old device model.

brand	Key
ASRock	F2
Asus	F2 for computers and F2 or DEL for laptops
Acer	DERL or F2
ESC	DEL
Gigabytes / Aorus	DEL or F2
HP	F10
Lenovo (laptops)	F2 or Fn + F2
Lenovo (desktops)	F1
Lenovo (Thinpads)	Enter then F1
MSI	DEL
Microsoft Surface tablets	Hold the volume up button
Origin PC	F2
Samsung	F2
Toshiba	F2
Zotac	DEL

Method Two: Use the Advanced Windows Startup Menu

As mentioned above, POST operations occur in some systems so fast that they do not allow the user to use the shortcut key. In that case, if you’re running Windows 8 , you can get Advanced Startup help.

۱. Enter the settings.

۲. Click Update & Security.

۳. In the list on the left, select Recovery.

۴. Under the Advanced startup section, click Restart.

۵. Your computer will restart.

۵. Click Troubleshoot.

۶. Click Advanced options.

۷. Now select UEFI Firmware Settings.

۸. Click Restart to confirm.

Method Three: Using the Linux command

If your system runs one of the up-to-date Linux distributions like Ubuntu, you can enter the BIOS menu by following the command prompt.

  sudo systemctl reboot --firmware

Then If it is not possible to boot the device or use the BIOS key

If your computer is unable to run the operating system due to an inability to find a bootable drive, it will usually stop the boot and provide you with the option to enter the BIOS in a setup directory.

When POST happens quickly and does not allow the BIOS key to be pressed, the operating system or the bootloader may have problems and the system will not boot; the only way is to use an emergency boot disk. At boot, it is possible to choose from a flash drive, DVD driver or hard drive, so you can use a Windows 7 DVD or flash drive for emergency boot of the system. In this case, after running the Windows installation menu, you can click Repair your computer instead of installation, then in the Troubleshoot section select UEFI Firmware Settings and click Restart.

Finally, if none of the above methods work, you can create a system error that prevents the device from booting through its drivers. In this case, its menu will be at your fingertips.

Many desktop computers will send an error message if the keyboard is not plugged in, or the commands are too large. Therefore, you may be able to cause errors by holding up a large number of keyboard buttons resulting in the BIOS login menu.

last word

Whatever method you use to access the BIOS, be careful when making changes to the menu options, as you may inadvertently disable key system components.

PCI Express 6.0 technology will double the data transfer speed

msrxp — Tue, 21 Jan 2020 12:50:02 +0000

The PCI-SIG team is hard at work explaining the goals of the 6th generation PCI Express 6.0 port. The latest data show that data transfer speeds have doubled.

PCI Express 6.0, unveiled about three months ago for the first time in June, is in rapid development and the PCI-SIG Group is hard at work developing and defining its goals and specifications. Now it looks like version 4.4 will be completed and will soon be available to PCI-SIG member companies for review and analysis. According to reports, the 3Gbps PCIe x16 port will increase at 6Gbps for the 6th generation PCIe. The PCI-SIG team expects to complete their goals from the 6th generation PCI Express port specifications by year’s end.

While maintaining PCIe 6.0 port support for the previous generation, it will double the data transfer speed and reach up to 4 Gigabits per second. Key changes implemented include PAM-4 coding (2-level pulse amplitude modulation) and FEC error correction along with bandwidth enhancement mechanisms.

PCI Express 6.0 ports will have 2GB of bandwidth

The PCI-SIG group recently released the overall goals of the 6th generation PCI Express communication port.

While the fourth-generation PCI Express port is still not widely adopt

and its fifth-generation standard has not been finalized, experts are defining the goals of the sixth-generation PCIe.

Recently,

the PCI Special Interest Group’s developer standards team unveiled some

of the overall goals and specifications required by PCI Express 6.0,

which, according to published information, can transfer up to 5GB of data through 6 lines.

In this way, the tradition of double-speed upgrades will also be maintained to make PCI Express 6.0 twice as fast as the fifth generation and four times faster than the fourth generation.

According to the PCI Port Editor,

the 6th generation of this communication port will come with the use of Pulse Amplitude Modulation technology,

which can transmit twice as much data without the need to increase bandwidth or additional operating frequencies. The new standard will also be compatible with previous generations in the same way that older cards can be used in new ports.

Nowadays,

homegrown graphics cards do not use all the capacity of PCIe 3.0, but this does not necessarily mean newer ports. The use of artificial intelligence and solid-state storage drives, such as Intel’s rapidly expanding Aptin samples, will require wide bandwidth to transmit data, which newer PCI Express generations may be the best solution for.

One of the current problems with the PCI Express standard is the process of commercializing and accessing users. Earlier in the year, PCI-SIG introduced the first standard and fourth generation capabilities of this communication port. While third-generation processors and AMD’s Radon RX 5700 series graphics cards have been launched with support for it, they will be available in a month’s time. As a result, PCI Express 6.0 is expected to be completed by the end of the year at best, with processor manufacturers adding their product support to the port for at least two years. However, we must first see the presence and commercialization of PCIe 5.0.

The faster advancement of data transfer standards along with the slow process of commercialization

and their use by manufacturers is one of the problems in the technology world

where USB 3.2 and USB 4 can be mention as well,

but their standard formatting has been completed; The data transfer port is using.

Why is a computer motherboard equipped with a battery?

msrxp — Tue, 21 Jan 2020 12:40:48 +0000

The laptop motherboard and desktop computer are equipped with a battery that performs a variety of tasks in both old and new models.

If you are using desktop computers or older laptops, your motherboard is equip with a built-in battery, which, unlike regular batteries, does not power the device. This battery is known as CMOS and works only when the computer is turned off. we describe the motherboard’s battery usage and provide information on the CMOS battery life and when to replace it.

What is a CMOS battery?

The term CMOS stands for Complementary Metal-Oxide- Semiconductor . In the early days of the birth of personal computers, there was a kind of RAM called CMOS RAM that stored BIOS settings. The said RAM requires a battery; otherwise, when the PC is turn off, the data disappears.

Modern computers do not use CMOS RAM; they store BIOS settings in a longer-lived memory and therefore do not require constant power supply for storage. UEFI motherboards store settings in flash memory or on a computer’s hard drive, so you won’t need a battery in these systems, but you’ll still see it.

What is UEFI?

The concept of UEFI, or Unify Extensible Firmware Interface, was introduce to replace BIOS, an industry standard adopt by chip makers such as AMD and Intel , with Microsoft and PC makers present. UEFI somehow improves the BIOS.

The life of the BIOS goes back to the eighties and early years of the birth of IBM- based PCs and has many limitations. UEFI eliminates past restrictions. For example, UEFI can support drives up to 2.5 terabytes or larger. In addition, 1 and 2-bit and Secure Boot modes are also possible with UEFI.

Secure Boot is a process that secures the PC in the early stages and layers. This layer of security ensures that malware does not exploit the computer startup process. At the security stage, all executed code is checked to have a valid security signature. Other features of UEFI include selective booting and overclocking and modification of many dedicated motherboard settings.

What is a BIOS?

Older computers use BIOS instead of UEFI. BIOS stands for Basic Input / Output System, which is stored on a chip on a computer’s motherboard. When the computer is loaded, the BIOS starts and after running the internal test, the computer hardware is initialized. The system is then transferred to the bootloader, which is generally in the storage drive. Of course, the bootloader can also be run from an optical disk or USB storage. The bootloader is responsible for loading the operating system of a computer ( Windows , Linux , Mac, etc.). The BIOS is responsible for low-level system tasks, and the user can change its settings by pressing a button during system loading.

The motherboard’s battery in modern computers ensures that the clock is live

The BIOS settings page allows the user to change the low-level settings of the computer’s hardware. These settings depend on the manufacturer and brand of the motherboard; however, some settings are common. Changeable settings in the BIOS can be set to boot, which changes the priority of the computer when it comes to storage devices connected to the bootloader. It should be noted that Intel replaces the BIOS with the UEFI in all of its chipsets.

Why does the motherboard need battery?

If today’s computers store BIOS settings in more stable memory, why is battery life still using in motherboards? The answer is clear: Motherboards still have a part called Real Time Clock (RTC). Computers turn on and off, save time like a quartz clock; therefore, it will be use to store clock information. When the computer is turned off, the battery provides the necessary power for the live clock.

When to replace the motherboard battery?

None of the batteries last a lifetime and will need replacement anyway. CMOS batteries are also limited in life and generally do not last more than 5 years. Normal use of the computer extends battery life, but computers that are more power-off time use more battery power. If the battery life of the old computer runs out, you will get the following error messages:

CMOS Battery Failure
ACPI BIOS Error
CMOS Read Error
CMOS Checksum Error
New CPU Installed

The last error message in the list above will be somewhat misleading to the user, but there is a simple explanation for it. When there is no battery available to power the BIOS, the motherboard does not remember the processor already in the system; therefore, the motherboard recognizes the CPU as a new piece of hardware.

In more modern computers that store information in more stable memory, the computer will probably load well after the end of its battery life, but it may not be able to accurately calculate the time. In such a situation, numerous problems with connecting and even getting software updates occur and action must be taken to fix the problem.

How to replace CMOS battery?

The motherboard battery looks similar to conventional batteries in other electronics and is a silver disk. Commonly used in motherboards are CR2032 batteries. Before replacing the motherboard battery, you must first turn off the computer system and disconnect it from the power supply. If you are replacing a laptop battery, disconnect the original battery. Keep in mind that unlocking personal computers and operating electronics is a standard approach, and most of all, static electricity can disrupt components. On some motherboards, the solder battery is attached to the motherboard. In this situation, you either need to replace the motherboard completely or repair or replace it.

Removing and reinstalling the motherboard battery can sometimes work to fix problems with older computers. Removing and reinstalling the battery will also clear the BIOS password and other settings. In addition to removing and reinstalling the battery, BIOS settings can be changed or restored from the menu itself. Look for options like Clear CMOS or Reset to Defaults for such a function.

ASRock Outs X399 Phantom Gaming 6 Motherboard For 32-Core Ryzen Threadripper Goodness Read more at https://hothardware.com/news/asrock-outs-x399-phantom-gaming-6-motherboard-ryzen-threadripper#4yYDsRtvRgiVur7t.99

msrxp — Sun, 25 Nov 2018 10:57:22 +0000

ASRock is embracing AMD’s Ryzen Threadripper family of processors with its first HEDT motherboard that falls under the Phantom Gaming line.

Meet the X399 Phantom Gaming 6,

which is a flagship motherboard featuring an eight-layer PCB design,

eight-phase digital power delivery,

and dual 8-pin connectors for power.

Given that this is an HEDT motherboard that is fueled by Ryzen Threadripper power,

there are a total of eight DDR4 DIMM slots supporting a total of 128GB. As for memory speeds, the board can handle 3400MHz+ frequencies. Onboard you’ll find a total of three PCIe 3.0 x16 slots that can wrangle up to three AMD Radeon graphics cards in a CrossFire configuration or two NVIDIA GeForce graphics cards in SLI.

On the storage front, there are eight SATA III connectors with the X399 chipset supposing RAID 0, RAID 1 and RAID 10. For those that require a faster storage subsystem, there are three M.2 PCIe 3.0 x4 slots.

When it comes to wired connectivity,

ASRock has your bases covered with an Intel-based Gigabit Ethernet controller and a Realtek 2.5Gb Ethernet controller.

If you’re looking for a standard onboard wireless controller,

you won’t find one here, unfortunately.

However,

there is an M.2 Key E connector for those that wish to add an 802.11ac adapter.

For those that like to load up on peripherals, you’ll find two USB 3.1 Gen 2 connectors

(one Type-A, one Type-C) and a total of 12 USB 3.1 Gen 1 ports (eight on the rear I/O plate and four headers at the front of the motherboard).

As for audio, the X399 Phantom Gaming 6 uses a Realtek ALC1220 audio codec and an NE5532 amplifier along with Nichicon Fine Gold audio capacitors.

And if that wasn’t enough,

being that this is a gaming motherboard,

the PCH heatsink features RGB LEDs that are compatible with ASRock’s own Polychrome RGB lighting.

The ASRock X399 Phantom Gaming 6 supports both first- and second-generation AMD Ryzen Threadripper processors,

meaning that you can load one up with a beastly 32-core/64-thread Ryzen Threadripper 2990WX. Pricing and availability have not yet been announced for the motherboard.