Commercially available SSDs are available today in a variety of types, and the choice between them is highly dependent on the user and the consumer purpose platform.

Anyone working in the IT field must have sufficient knowledge of the storages, servers, and IO programming capabilities and as a system administrator to meet the needs of their customers and systems.

The vendors are trying to keep their customers, so the global market for HDDs and SSDs is no slouch and should actually be able to guide customers in purchasing the equipment they need.

There are many old and new ways to measure IOPS that you can use depending on the device you are using. By device type, standalone hard drive, hybrid hard drive (HHDD) and SSD, or connected storagesystem or RAID controller .

Server, Storey and IOPS performance and market conditions

The rotation speed (RPM) of the drives is very varied and the drives are either 1.5Gb, 3.0Gb, 6Gb or 12Gb SAS or SATA or 4Gb optical fiber.

Most current generations of 2.5-inch 10K hard drives have the same or even better performance than older 3.5-inch 10K generations.

One of the features of the drives is their physical size: 3.5-inch (LFF) and 2.5-inch (SFF). Today, standard drives come in a variety of thicknesses of 2.5 and 3.5 inches.

Other features of the drives include their use, whether it can be used for a large set or for home use, or you might even be looking to sell it. It all depends on the amount of cache drive (DRAM). It doesn’t matter if you use the whole or part of the drive capacity, in any case the capacity of the drive space can be very impressive. No matter whether you use SAS, SATA, USB port, HBA or RAID controller, you should pay attention to the physical space of your device .

Controller

The controller plays the same role as the main processor; there is also a controller in SSDs and memory.

Along with the controller, there will also be Firmware Talk,

which is supposing to monitor the controller and controller tasks like a small operating system.

Firmware can be upgrade to improve performance, though rarely on upgrades for storage devices; the right formulator can be an effective factor in controller performance.

Controller tasks include managing and controlling the decision-making process in operations such as data caching,

data storage and reading and data cleaning, error correction, and so on.

That is to say, without a controller, even NAND flashes in SSD memory are a non-memory.

Although Intel and Samsung were pioneers in delivering SSD memory,

this masterful brain of SSD was first provided by Marvell, the CPU chip maker;

But the complexity of using Marvel’s controller made it difficult for SSD makers to deal with it,

which led to a variety of SSDs, until a young company decided to launch a new platform. The company’s final product, called the SandForce Controller, was launched.

On the other hand, the idea of ​​the kit was taken into consideration. In addition to the improvements,

Silicon Motion was able to introduce the Smi controller, which was well received by mid-range brands.

Marvel re-entered the forefront of the market with new control and a different architecture. Silicon Motion, Marvel, SandForce, Toshiba, JMicron, Samsung and Intel are the main controller activists.

Marvel Control is suitable for users who are engaged in graphic activities or manufacturing audio and video products.

Sandbox control also allows the user to have a well-balanced system for data processing and compression management.

The Smi controller and the Jmicron controller are also seen in some memory, respectively, with lower costs and power consumption. Controllers can have internal memory or cache just like a computer processor.

Cache

The Cache memory is a cache inside electronic devices for increased performance; cache memory affects the speed of data transfer in the storage device.

An important feature when buying a hard drive is the amount of cache space or buffer.

Hard cache value is a cache value that is managed by the memory controller and used when transferring information.

 This part does not exist in all SSDs, and with its presence, performance and price and productivity increase.

The more space this gets, the faster the transfer speed is, so the 1MB buffer is better than the 1MB, though it won’t increase your speed as much.

Try to buy higher-capacity hard drives, but be careful about the cost.

Encryption

The value and importance of your data keeps you thinking about encrypting them in addition to preserving them. In the meantime you can find drives that have good software encryption.

Security on drives, especially portable standby drives, can be in a variety of ways ranging from encryption to information using the suite of management and encryption software to hardware locks.

A more serious step might be to use a drive with hardware encryption capability. These types of drives have a keypad on their own to create a passcode, but you’ll find less of it in the market.

Security can also be incorporated as a physical layer of protection into your hard drive cover structure to make access to the memory chip more difficult.

RAM Drive technology

RAM drive technology uses information from a computer’s RAM to process information (especially large files).

Keep in mind that with the power outage your data will be loose like any other RAM; in terms of information security this is an advantage in the shopping list, but not everyone will be welcome.

RAM Drive technology is best suite for systems with high RAM, so it is better to move around with 2GB of RAM.

The same method of using computer RAM instead of cache memory has also been implementing in some SSDs called RAPID Mode to speed up the situation much better.

Over provisioning technique

SSD memory and its cell management is similar to a numerical puzzle game; a numerical puzzle game made of a series of numbers (usually 2 numbers) that had to be arranged sequentially and managed to have an empty house in between.

Obviously, the lower the number of houses, the sooner the game would end and the same thing happens in a ssd memory.

The ssd memory cells, like these houses, eventually play their role and end as they can no longer be changed in the game.

To fix this problem, a space called Over provisioning is reserved for various memory management tasks.

Over provisioning space plays a similar role to that of free space in the numerical puzzle game, while preserving that empty space while still extending the life and performance of the SSD.

In some SSDs this setting is applied by the manufacturer, but you can also manage this problem using the SSD’s recommended memory builder software.

What is IOPS?

IOPS is an indicator of how fast Sequential files are reading, or regular and continuous files, and 4k files or small, scattered files.

Although the factory-announced results are not as accurate when you look at the day-to-day operation of a storage device such as a hard drive or SSD memory or even in network storage (SAN), they are still a good benchmark for comparison.

You can then compare factory-declared speeds with the IOPS index to compare the two memories.

The writing cycle

The Write Cycle is a measure of the life or endurance of an SSD. The Write Cycle criterion refers to the number of write times

And it deletes data in the NAND chip until the cell is no longer able to erase data inside itself; this cycle is knowing as program / erase as well as write / erase.

The higher this criterion, the higher the cost, and the higher ranks are suitable for high-performance, always-on systems.

As it is knowing, the hardware disappears one day and the software goes on, but the most important thing is how they fail and surprise shoppers.

Hard drive comparisons with SSDs are not enough due to the use of two different technologies.

With the same Write Cycle Index, hard drives have an eternal life.

Hard disks and the durability of its sectors should be examine in terms of time. Over time, malformers form in the horns, one of which is the reason for this long-term use, but it is not very recognizable to the user.

The best thing to do is ask the occasional drive or HDD with valid software that can read information and reports on a part of the hard drive called SMART; Hard Disk Sentinel software is a good tool for this.

With the help of reports and software testing, you can detect the crawling and unnecessary risk of malware spreading that may someday send you on a permanent vacation without notice.

This simple review tells you that you need to upgrade your sleeve to buy a new SDD or hard drive. Also, when purchasing second-party hard drives, such software is requiring to find out about hard drives.

Of course, if the developer has offered you specific software, prioritize testing with it.

Software such as SSDLife Pro is also available to check SSD memory status.

Determine the storage capacity

If your goal is just to transfer photos or multiple media files from one device to another, or you want more space on your computer or laptop,

You can see flash drives that give you up to 1 terabyte of memory.

But if your storage is high and you want to keep the files longer, look for one terabyte of hard drives and even more.

If you only need an external drive for backup and you don’t have a transport problem, you can take a look at network storage;

External hard drives for high volume archives and external power supply are available from different brands.

But if your priority is to carry information, then it is best to look for small dimensions of storage space to keep you from getting into trouble with your light weight pocket.

 At this point, at your best, you choose a drive that does not require a separate power supply.

However, with the reduction in size and weight you will have some limitation on storage power, and this is more evident in small disk drives than in SSD memory.

If you’re one of the people doing accounting, content creation, web surfing, the amount of storage you need

Those who do things like 3D design, play heavy video games or watch high quality movies are far less likely to do so.

The most convenient memory for you is the most consistent with your data storage strategy
Buying a hard drive with more storage is not a difficult task

While their cost doesn’t increase as much as capacity increases, the cost can sometimes be very high for SSDs with increased storage capacity.

On the one hand, one of the important features to pay attention to is the inactivity of the data over time, which makes the situation on the hard drives relatively better than the SSD.

One way to help you overcome these volume constraints is to use a hard drive in the RIAD technique.

What is the RIAD Technique?

RAID technology is a technology for achieving speed, security, and performance using multiple storage devices.

This method is common in computers under high computing pressure, such as servers. The memory layout technique and how to connect them creates a variety of RAID techniques.

This technique tries to show you not to look at your hard drives like separate islands, but to store new information in parallel by increasing the speed and security of managing and storing data with the same hard drives.

In-depth understanding of this technique, you might decide to buy a Raid Controller instead of buying a hard drive with your RAID hardware in addition to experiencing speed and security,

Have a smoother way to optimize the storage devices you buy in the future.

RAID technology is the most common way to increase the speed and efficiency and security of data management that can be done on a variety of modes on your home computer and with your motherboard in mind.

 In RAID technique,

the user is given more space and speed by using multi-drive connection under a single configuration.

You need at least two drives to implement RAID; of course, the experience of RAID tripping is better, so if you are buying a third drive, be more careful about how to implement RAID techniques.

It is best for your hard drives to use data capture technology, as well as standard RAID techniques for your drives should have similar capabilities.

RAID technology is implemented in a variety of ways. In each method, the minimum and maximum of the hurdles are different

And of course each of the Raid 0 to Raid 10 or (Raid 1 + 0) methods and other conventional methods are used for a specific purpose.

 It should be noted that the RAID technique is applicable to both HDD and SSD types;

You should also use a controller to manage RAID, which can be either software or hardware, although the hardware provides better results.

One purchase and two goals; a combination of hard disk drive and SSD memory

Hard drives provide affordable storage space at their own expense, on the other hand, one way to achieve high-speed SSD storage is in a variety of ways, available to older, more modern computers.

You can use both types of hard drives in combination. Fortunately, many laptops on the market now use hybrid memory;

Transfer operating system information to the fast SSD part and store unnecessary data on the hard drive.

Speed

As much as you care about capacity, you should care quickly. Two factors are important in the speed of data storage:

Storage technology

 How to connect

In other words, there are two types of speeds in the storage device: the speed of writing and reading information and the speed of information transfer. Generally the speed of writing to a memory is less than the speed of reading it.

The inherent nature of the storage device cannot be overemphasized. Finally, an SSD is faster than a hard disk drive, but it is also more expensive.

 External SSDs, in addition to expensive ones, often offer less capacity than disk drives.

In the case of drives, the speed is related to the disk rotation speed and the interfaces, while in SSD memory the speed depends on the flash memory technology and the interfaces.

High speeds of 2 MB / s in writing and reading data on M.2 SSDs are not strange right now

However, conventional hard disks are limited to 5Mbps, for example in our tests the XPG S11 Pro is capable of achieving this speed.

So if speed is your priority and you need a lot of data transfer speed for your professional work like editing, then SSD is definitely the solution.

Rotational speed

Among the characteristics of the hard disk drive, the RPM specification is an important point. This is a characteristic of device storage technology.

Most RPM values can be found at values of 1, 2, 2, and 1 rpm, however, sometimes with hard drives or speeds above 1.

There is a direct relationship between the speed of rotation and the rate of transfer of information. On the other hand, high-speed hard drives are also more consuming than normal samples.

In the PC market, two types of hard disks are available more than 1/2 rpm.

Normally, the rotational speed of 2 rpm is useful for most users; however, 5 rpm models are also acceptable as the most widely used hard drives for many users.

Speeds above 4 laps are for users who engage in high-intensity activity like playing video games.

When buying SSDs, you do not need to worry about the RPM feature, but about any storage device

And be very careful about using the speed capacity with the type of interface or cable. The following table shows the connection type and rotation speed of the hard drive.

Wireless or Wireless

External storage devices use bands such as WiFi to move your data with less restriction without intermediary devices.

The main advantage of wireless storage devices is the connection of high-end electronics such as mobile phones or cameras to a large storage device.

The interesting thing about these devices is the battery as a power supply; it can also act as a power bank if powered.

In some models, the app is also available for remote data and device management.

Interface Converter

Using converters to connect different types of cables and adapt to other devices also gives you the opportunity to use your storage device in other activities as well.

Sometimes you want to use your hard drive that uses USB-C to connect to your mobile with a USB-A port.

The IDE to SATA or even USB converter is also available in the market. Converters are also found for SSD cards and slots.

Perhaps the best thing is pre-purchase needs assessment and management, and choosing to buy interface converters is the last option.

Understand your needs, terms and what you need to know before buying

The storage device interacts with your behavior in addition to your other hardware, operating systems, and files, according to its specifications.

With a motherboard on your desktop, it’s possible to use multiple drives at the same time.

Sometimes it saves you the cost of using a couple of cheap or old drives together to get the volume you want.

You also need to keep in mind that in addition to needing a convenient location in the case, the memory also needs to be powered up, which will be an additional burden on the case’s power supply.

Storage caches are also produced by the activity of heat, so you need to think of a way to cool them.

Sometimes buying a larger, more modern hard drive that gives you faster speeds can save you a lot of hidden costs.

Given the variety of HDD and SSD memory variants, the right choice requires more understanding of the technical specifications and advantages that each device gives us after purchase.

About SSD and Hard Disk Memory Although there are two different technologies, different specifications are on the checklist.

However, our ultimate goal is to maintain and store information at high speed, security and stability.

Large files or small files

File size is the main challenge of the storage device

Finally what is defined as data is a file. This file can be bulky or compact, and more importantly, the file is sequentially or sequentially recorded in random segments.

It is recommended that a hard disk drive be arranged from time to time by defragmentation to allow free space between files to increase the read speed of the files;

But in SSD memory, the information is stored in a different way, and its storage culture includes other options.

A drive will be available to you at the start of memory,

but using only one drive is challenging; the solution is hard drive partitioning.

By dividing the memory into smaller drives, in addition to better managing your data when problems such as a malfunctioning operating system,

malware, there is a layer of security between the operating system and the information.

When you go into the partitioning debate, there is a solution called Short Stroking; how much the head arm needs to move from the center to the edge of the platter to analyze the data is the basis of the technique in question.

The arm does this repeatedly in seconds, and the shorter it is, the faster it is.

In essence, disk-scattered information is responsible for such movements.

Short Stroking Technique helps you find the optimal point of data transfer speed on your hard drive capacity and optimize your hard drive speed and performance by segmenting it accordingly.

The Short Stroking technique, in addition to the above, allows you to delay the purchase of a new hard drive.

Hard drive partitioning and SSD memory are no different; some hard drives are pre-formatted for a specific operating system, but eventually you can re-format it for another operating system.

You can have a special drive for bulk files like movies and music or even transfer them to another memory.

Memory Pyramid and High Speed ​​Highlights

Transferring information between devices at two different speeds is one of the most important things in the memory world.

The slower tool must somehow adapt itself to the faster tool otherwise it will be out of competition;

So a class is form that fills the gap between the permanent memory with the apex of the pyramid and is knowning as temporary memory or main memory.

This is the basis of the conceptual pyramid of the computer, and the position of each tool is determine by the speed and capacity factors.

There are a number of ways to access memory in which the hard disk drive has direct access to memory and the SSD is random access.

Durability of sturdy home storage and long life

Storage endurance is an important issue especially for external storage.

SSDs are more impact-resistant than hard disks; the lack of moving components in SSDs makes them vulnerable to the dangers of vibration and vibration.

The need for impact resistance, water penetration and the like has created a whole new set of extraneous products;

Companies like ADATA, for example, have developed high-pressure-resistant memory.

An important point on the website of many makers of such a tool is to recommend proper memory handling;

This means that the more you care about your hard disk or SSD memory, the more secure your data will be.

On the hard drive, moving parts are prone to wear and tear. Measures such as adjusting some of the system’s bios and methods such as differentials, etc. can help reduce extra drive movement.

SSDs, on the other hand, are also not immune to wear and tear, of course, by activating TRIM functionality, operating system settings, and so on.

Hard disks consume more power than SSDs because of the mechanical components, so using them for laptops will give you a better charge.

Capacity

The amount of information a storage device can handle is called capacity. This capacity is generally expressed in today’s world with units of gigabytes and terabytes.

Generally, hard drive manufacturers calculate 1 byte for each KB. There is, of course, another form of computation that calculates 1 byte per KB;

Because computer engineers use binary numbers. Such an understanding of capacity sometimes leads to the difference between

what is stated by the manufacturer and the actual amount of memory.

Unlike SSDs, hard drives are highly susceptible to impact

Apart from this volume difference due to the difference in how the capacity is calculated,

each file system partition that is selected

and defined according to the operating system type consumes some of the volume of each partition or storage device.

Filesystem in Windows are known as FAT or NTFS,

while on your Mac OSX you encounter the HFS file system, and in Linux you get Btrfs, JFS, and so on.

One way to upgrade capacity, speed as well as security on storage is to select and use file systems,

and sometimes your hardware or system may not support faster file systems.

This is not very acute unless you want, for example, to use an external hard drive for all operating systems;

In this case, you need to look at your data storage strategy again.

In addition, the operating system also generates an additional part of the SSD’s hard drive

or memory capacity by generating cache management files in each partition.

The hidden file and shadow appear by changing the display settings of the file in the operating system, but of course its small size can be checked.

Ultimately the volume and capacity of the hard drive is something you can count on.

The types of partitioning methods are MBR and GPT. MBR format is typically use for low volumes and GPT format for hard drives with more than 2 terabyte capacity.

  So you need to know that using high capacity requires money in addition to money.

You can now have a capacity of 6,000 GB or 2 TB on a 4.5-inch drive.

Manufacturers also claim users are providing with SSD memory technology with a 4.7-inch form factor up to 2 terabyte;

In other words, the capacity is equivalent to 6,000 DVD movies or 4 million photos,

thanks to V-NAND technology’s tremendous opportunities.

The factor that will definitely increase the cost is the hard drive capacity.

You can calculate the amount of hard drive for every gig it gives you,

but by reading other technicals you’ll notice that not only the hard drive’s capacity and price are a good guide.

So pay attention to the capacity you need before buying a hard drive or SSD memory,

as it will cost a lot to make a mistake in estimating capacity, especially in SSDs.

Storing movies, music,

and other large files on SSDs will be costly because conventional hard drives are more rational for doing so,

and we’ll go further.

– SATA Express interface

The SATA Express interface is faster than its sibling and is also know as SATA 3.2.

On the motherboard of the SATAe connector, the motherboard is dividing into three parts, with two SATA ports on it, indicating that the interface consists of a combination of SATA and Express interfaces.
The speed of this interface is about 1 Gbps.

– mSATA interface

Some types of ssd memory are connected to the computer using the MiniSATA connection (mSATA). With this interface, smaller form factor SSDs are popular with portable devices such as laptops, notebooks, etc.,

They are easily ready for duty; this type of memory is also used on digital displays, sales terminals or kiosks and multifunctional office devices such as printer scanners.

They are sized for a bank card and, in addition to low power consumption, are extremely resistant to electric shock and vibration.

This type of memory offers speeds of up to 5GB / second.

– M.2 interface

The M.2 interface enables memory with its special form factor to achieve high bandwidth;

Allows memory to communicate with the motherboard using PCIe 3.0 four-band and more bandwidth as well as SATA protocol support.

PCI-e Port This is a new version of PCI and PCI-x ports to transfer information faster to the motherboard.

This type of connection is much faster than SATA and is implemented on high-end computers. Some upgraded ultrabooks use the M.2 slot.

This form of small invoices has made SSC memory card attractive and appealing to shoppers, but that doesn’t mean you can use PCI to boot without trusting your PC.

If there is no specific justification, develop standard models instead of the M.2 SATA.

– U.2 interface

This interface was formerly known as the Mini SAS connector and was used in enterprise storage and became known as the U.2 interface with its upgraded presence as an interface for connecting SSDs to desktop computers in the market.

The U.2 interface can be seen on servers and desktops using PCIE 3.0 4X and above, delivering speeds of up to 5 Gbps.

It also quickly became a competitor to the M.2 interface.

– SCSI cable

This cable is suitable for multi-tasking environments, especially when more than one hard drive is needed, such as when at a workstation or running a RAID technique.

The cable also uses signaling technology and is more efficient and more expensive than the ATA and SATA cables, so it is used more in server setup.

But there are some examples on the back of the computer case as examples of the aforementioned cable model called SCSI ports for connecting printers and scanners; they also have their own upgraded version.

– SAS interface

This cable is provided with signaling technology because of its high bandwidth and efficient performance for enterprise applications.

The compatibility of the cable with the Serial ATA cable has made it easier to use. These interfaces work better in the compartmentalizing process and increase multitasking efficiency;

So they are also a great choice for managing and storing business information. The SAS interface has a brighter future by removing SCSI restrictions.

It is worth noting that SATA drives can be used on the SAS controller but the SATA controller cannot be used on the SAS disk.

– CF interface

You’ll see this cable in consumer electronics and when connecting to microchips, known as CompactFlash;

These memory cards are similar to SD cards but differ in storage speed and volume and of course dimensions.

The connection of an SD card is made by contact with small plates, but the CF cards are connecting by needle connection to the interface.

The cable comes in both Type 1 and Type 2 versions, known as CF Type 2 and can be distinguished by its thickness.

– USB connection

In terms of the type of connection between the device there are a few common options, the most popular being USB. While USB cables look different, the transfer speed is different.

However, USB 2 transfer speeds are no longer as glorious as it is possible to transfer data with a USB cable of up to 3GB per second.

Today, USB 3.2 cables can be see, with data transfer speeds of up to 4GB.

The USB port is use without installing the driver, which is one of the reasons why it is so popular. USB 3 offers all the features of USB 2

However, for example, USB 3-supported Hard Disk Drive does not offer speeds beyond USB 2 when using USB 2 ports on a laptop or computer.

Data transfer speeds are lower than Thunderbolt and SATA 3 via the USB 3 connection with the blue connector.

With the exception of Thunderbolt support on all computers, USB drives are much more affordable.

– USB-C connection

The USB-C connection is getting widespread, and we’ll hear more in the future. This 5-pin USB family connector drives the USB messenger into a unified standard.

This duplex cable is very powerful in terms of energy transfer and can charge a device like a laptop in addition to easy data transfer.

A cable instead of a variety of cables and a port instead of a variety of ports on a variety of devices, from smartphones to laptops and desktops, are ideal for this USB Type-C.

If you can have a USB Type-C supported storage device, know that you will have no problems in the future.

The good news is that new computers running the latest version of Thunderbolt 3 (Thunderbolt 3) are also compatible with the USB-C standard, and each can be used elsewhere.

– Thunderbolt interface

Thunderbolt interface has a special place among the interfaces due to its speed and power; the first generation of this interface was introduce in year 3 and the newest one being the third generation * in year 2.

This upgrade made the Thunderbolt 2 experience at 2 GB / s,

while the Thunderbolt 1 experienced 1 GB / s speed.

The interesting thing is that the Thunderbolt 3 and USB-C are accessible

with the same form of connector and their ports can be use interchangeably.

To enjoy the benefits of Thunderbolt, the connector form alone is not enough; your device must support Thunderbolt communication as well.

Although Intel is a Thunderbolt developer, Thunderbolt connectivity is more common on Apple-made computers;

Fortunately, this interface has made its way into a world beyond Macs. Using this interface will cost more than conventional USB 3 samples.

– FireWire interface

This interface is similar to the USB interface, also known as i.Link. We’ve seen most of the FireWire interface in audio and video transmission and in consumer electronics such as cameras or imaging,

but they are also use in HDD and SDD memory.

The FireWire interface comes in a variety of modes, including the Firewire 800 at 1Mbps,

which is supports by laptops, modern computers, and external hard drives.

The FireWire interface and Thunderbolt interface are not support on some devices, despite the good future in place;

Of course, this can be done by spending money and buying a Thunderbolt PCIe card.

Select interface based on storage type

As mentioned, the three types of enterprise storage,

personal and consumer electronics can be a guide to choosing the type of interface for the hard drive.

Memory and storage devices In today’s world,

with the rapid development of technology, new definitions of speed and capacity have been reached.

The concept of digital data capture, the way it is accessed,

and technologies such as flash are all contributing factors to this stunning growth and prosperity.

One can hardly say that the world of information storage is experiencing Star Wars;

different stars of information storage with different technologies and cultures of data capture,

They are confronted with each other and in heavy fighting, in the struggle for a larger territory.

Calling on methods such as RAM Drive or techniques like Raid and bulletproof external storage devices,

Internal Card, and even the emergence of live operating systems and cloud storage,

which claim to provide opportunities to speed and accuracy in the management, security, recording and editing of information,

It makes the chaos in the information storage world more believable,

but perhaps with a closer look at the main fight scene, somewhere in the forefront of this great fort and between the two warriors,

all this chaos turns into a technologically savvy beauty and expression.

Where, on the one hand, the struggles of mature, efficient, and affordable soldiers are lined up with the lowest cost and facilities called hard disks, while on the other hand,

fresh and bold soldiers have lined up against the expensive technologies of today’s world of data storage in the name of SSDs.

You also need storage space for installing apps, games, downloading songs and videos,

creating documents and graphics, and more. It usually performs this task on a desktop or laptop computer called a hard drive (hard drive).

 Sometimes you have to buy a new product or add more storage to get more storage:

Now your invitation card has been issued, not just as a Star Wars fan, but as a worldwide supporter and advocate of storing information;

the choice of options on the table in this battle depends on your needs and your budget.

Factors that can make storage device purchasing challenging for users are not just about understanding the types of hard drives and their capacity, and other important issues to consider;

For example, if you feel you are in a phase where you need to buy third-party storage, you might want to take a look at how hard drives are.

This will make purchasing your new hard drive better with prudence and at a lower cost.

Storage Devices

The task is to store, store and manage information. These memories are available to users both internally (externally) or externally (externally) using a variety of magnetic storage technology, flash technology, etc.

Before getting acquainted with all kinds of storage devices, it’s not bad to get a little familiar with the concept of the word drive in the memory world;

The word “drive” refers to the storage device, and accessories such as a Hard Disk Drive or a Solid State Drive or even a portable flash drive are all types of drives.

These drives can be found in a variety of operating systems, for example, on your Windows My Computer page. Drive C is the early part of your hard drive or memory.

If you have partitioned the hard drive, the next letter may indicate your second partition.

Finally,

you can view your CD or DVD player and watch the new drives from time to time with a USB flash drive or an external hard drive.

A drive called A generally refers to a floppy disk drive (an outdated storage device).

The naming of the drive varies across operating systems, but in essence it makes no difference.

The same situation shows that buying a storage drive, unlike many purchases, is not the same once and for all,

Rather, you will need to buy it again and again with every technological advancement in the audio and video industries.

In other words, your lifestyle and work cause you to interact with a variety of storage devices for various reasons

And that is the very reason for avoiding passive learning about them so that you will not have to make a forced purchase on the day.

Types of storage equipment

The methods of storing information are very diverse, but in the world of computers, by definition of the memory function,

The two types of storage drives are mechanical hard drives and electronic storage, the most common in memory.

HDDs and SSDs, which are some of the types of cache memory, must have Non Volatile memory properties;

Contrary to the computer’s main memory, known as Volatile Memory. These devices allow us to instantly,

We record, edit, and maintain information, and we have no hard work re-editing it.

 The following is more acceptable when we look more closely at the subset of these storage elements and their implications:

External or internal hard disk

External or internal SSD memory

SSHD hybrid memory

USB flash drive or cooldisk

In the first step, you will be faced with two types of conventional hard drives – the HDD or the solid state drive, which is known as SSD memory.

– HDD or HDD

HDDs are types of non-removable memory because they also conserve data in the absence of power.

The opposite of them is a memory such as your computer’s memory that loses data as a result of a power failure.

Inside the hard drive are several swivel boards for storing information and a head for accessing and recording information and a controller are the most important pieces available.

Traditional magnetic recording technology on HDD hard drives is still popular and efficient, despite many differences with modern methods such as recording data in flash memory.

– SSD memory

SSD memory uses flash memory technology and there is no moving piece in it.

These memories are high-speed and in addition act as a legendary routine against the risk of displacement and sudden transport compared to HDD.

– USB Flash

USB Flash or USB Flash is a family of flash memory, and Flash memory is essentially a storage and management of information in the digital domain, so USB Flash is a smaller cousin of SSD memory.

– Hybrid Drives (HYBRID DRIVES)

Hybrid drives are the result of a combination of SSD and HDD memory technologies; this type of hard drive comes in several versions.

Solid State Hybrid Devices (SSHD) with multi-GB dedicated flash technology gives you the opportunity to experience NAND Flash fast memories along with your hard drive.

This drive enhances the speed of accessing and managing your data by intelligently detecting your high-usage files and moving to SSDs. This is when the rest of the information is stored on the hard drive.

Of course, these drives still do not provide you with the durable and energy-saving experience of an SSD memory, but using them will give you a great speed boost.

The location of the hard drive inside the computer case is also of great importance; one of the advantages of the hybrid hard drive is the use of a slot in the case to accommodate the user to enjoy both (though not full) HDD and SSD memory

. Many mid-market laptops and some gaming models use hybrid memory to optimize data access.

– Cloud services but if and when

With cloud storage you can store your data in a large, efficient database.

This storage, as well as data access, is dependent on the quality of your speed and internet connection,

except for the usual prerequisites,

but the physical hard drives are at your side and access to their information does not require global sharing.

At the same time, you pay for each time you use your data for Internet network services.

This type of storage compromises the security of your information by hacking your account,

so using these services is good for storing information at a low confidentiality level.

Take a deeper look at HDD and SSD; technologies, types

Both HDD and SSD memory perform the same tasks,

but the quality and performance of each are a reflection of their technology and technical specifications.

– Mechanical Hard Drive

The first mechanical hard drives were marketed by IBM in year 2. Hard disks are a traditional technology today with magnetic recording technology,

but for some reasons such as the finished price, they are still popular.

The best news about mechanical hard drives is that they are cheaper than their competitors,

though their rivals do not boast of magnetic hard drives in the speed of reading and transmitting data.

If you’re not worried about a few seconds of extra processing time,

magnetic hard drives or HDDs can still be your first choice.

HDDs have one or more circular plates or hard disks that are stored at a high speed inside a sealed metal box.

On each side of the plotters, there is a read and write head that works on a very thin film on the surface of the rotating discs.

 These plotters or rotating plates,

which die from a hard drive, known as a spindle, are typically made of aluminum or glass,

with numbers from 1 to 2 depending on the 2 or 4-plate model,

which rotate around the axis of the unit. In other words, we consider 2 platters with 2 heads.

As is common, hard drive owners are familiar with terms such as Track, Sector, Cluster after the word badmaster. The information on the thin film, which is magnetic, is recorded as zero and one.

The bits of information make up the concept of a sector and its value depends on factors such as data capture technology, storage dimensions, and so on; for example, these sectors can be 1 or 2 bytes.

So the sector has different values ​​in optical or floppy disk recording and can also be found in modern hard drives with powerful error correction algorithms of up to 5K. Multi-sectoral community makes the concept of cluster together.

If you saw the truncated trunk of a tree, you would see hundreds of rings sitting around the center of the tree in order.

If you consider these loops with a perfectly circular mechanical order,

You come close to the concept of track, just imagine each of these clusters sitting on these tracks. The closed loops of these tracks are called the Cylinder.

When sectors no longer listen to the command and follow the denial of persuading the head to change information, they become malicious.

Basically, physical and software malware tends to spread its defects to other sectors, which should be avoided by repair techniques.

Hard drive speed is usually the speed at which information is read and written on it. In HDD, increasing page rotation speeds reduces read and write time;

At the same time, how data is recorded is also influenced by the speed, that is, if the file is in one place sequentially,

It will be faster to read and, of course, on disks with complex data in different sectors where the file is integrated seamlessly,

This will speed up. This process is called Fragmenting, which reduces the distance between the components of the files.

In other words, location and access to space is a challenge to speed up disk drives.

Solid-State Drives

SSD memory uses flash memory technology to manage information; this technology wins such memories and speeds up data read and write.

The lack of moving parts in solid-state drives, in addition to reducing the volume, causes resistance to shocks.

In flash memory, information is stored inside memory cells made of transistors with a floating port. There are two types of technology to implement flash memory.

NOR Flash technology
NAND Flash technology

These technologies are based on the Logical Gate in the electronics world.

By combining several parts of a logic input, it results in a logical solution to the output that is available on the binary basis of the controller and transmitted to the device interface.

Suppose you have a bucket of water that stays in the water until there is a hole in the bucket, and with a hole that can be like a hatch, it will drain sooner or later.

The water inside the container is similar to the charge inside the cell and the floating gate is similar to the hole. The quality of the hole affects water retention (charge).

In NOR Flash technology, each memory cell is connected to a source line at the end. On the other hand, the cell is connected to a byte line.

In NAND Flash technology, several memory cells are connected in series to the bit line and the source line.

The NAND flash memory is a type of non-volatile memory (NVS) that does not require power to store information and is intended to increase storage capacity.

NAND flash memory is used in all types of consumer electronics and even USB flash memory.

NAND memory cell and the story of three brothers

The difference between the three sibling cells of SLC, MLC, and TLC in flash memory each made them suitable for a variety of working purposes.

 There are several ways to store information in a specific cell in flash memory.

The first method is to record a level of information in the cell; in this model, known as SLC, the cell is in two states; the programmed one is the well-known zero-clear state, or the cell is in the number one position.

This state of charge and discharge of the cell, which is set in two modes, speeds up the recognition work and leaves no room for misinterpretation.

Simply put, these cells withstand less pressure and heat, have less electron leakage, last longer, and endure up to 2,000 times of writing and reading operations.

Another common method is to use a bit to store two levels of information. The result of using this MLC model is to reduce data read speed and cell life and increase storage capacity.

In this way, with increasing voltage modes, more storage space is provided. A controller tries with Error Correction Technology

More accurately in transmitting input voltage, analyze the data to find both the correct answer and not to damage the other data in the cell.

Of course, these precision actions also create latency.

There is also a third method, called TLC, which can store up to 5 bits of data by increasing different modes.

This high speed is caused by the pressure on the cells to adjust to the required state, which causes the cells to burn and eventually the SSD memory cell loses its storage capacity.

Of course, this happens in the long run, and you may have to swap your memory faster or for more capacity before experiencing such a problem.

At the same time, SSDs can also use Trim technology; Trim technology works similar to an on-premises SSD that has the task of removing and removing parts that need to be removed before reuse.

Launching this feature requires support for your operating system as well as SSD memory.

 Ultimately this technology is very useful in shelf life and prevent SSD memory burnout.

Because of the higher speed of the first type, it is used for more critical applications such as servers, and multilevel cellular memory is also used in regular activities such as computers or personal computers and high-powered electronic devices.

Small 3D Nand Flash Capacity

Flash is a new generation of flash memory cells that are implemented vertically in multiple layers. This flash is designed to solve the challenge of better quality in less space.

In 3D V-NAND technology, it uses Silicon Nitride technology instead of the floating gate to maintain the charge storage.

If you recall the bucket hole we used instead of the floating gate,

you should know that this gate will collapse over time under the stress of writing

and reading and will require a newer way to maintain charge (water inside the bucket).

  Using a cell layer is also possible to cell-to-cell interference.

Methods such as 2D CTF were interesting as a futuristic trick of their time,

but with the need to change, the concept of 3D CTF paved the way for the presence of 3D V-NAND technology.

With 3D Nand Flash technology, software performance improves and latency is reduced.

At the same time,

by reducing the size you can expect a 1TB memory capacity to fit easily into your pocket in the future.

SSD Memory Types

One of the advantages of SSD memory is its versatility. You can also store different SDDs and card formats.

SSDs have improved to the point where they are connected directly to the motherboard in some models.

These types of memories can be found in the market by the name Solid State Card and Solid State Module.

– Solid State Card

The Solid State Card is an electronic kit and is usually connected to the motherboard using the PCIe port; these types of SSDs come in various sizes.

When installing on the motherboard, PCIe SSD memory looks like a graphics card installation.

By directly connecting memory to the motherboard and using the Point To Point architecture, the latency is reduced and data transfer speeds are increased.

PCIe SSC memory with its high bandwidth is suitable for professional systems and servers.

As you have other high-speed and convenient ports to choose from, you need to take a closer look at your budget when buying PCIe SSC memory.

– Solid State Module

Solid State Module is a dual-line memory module (DIMM) and performs poorly than SSD memory, but can use standard HDD interfaces such as SATA.

Micro SDD is the smallest of the solid state module (SSM) modules, which is provided as a single chip in a relatively small BGA.

Simply put, the BGA package is a viable solution for implementing integrated circuits by a pin-covered surface.

The SATA-IO standards, also defined in the layout of these pins, are based on standard JEDEC factors.

The trap (DOM) is either from the SSD memory family or the Parallel ATA interface, which usually connects directly to the motherboard. Disk On Module has many industrial applications.

Price and heat; the challenges facing SSDs

In SSD memory, information management is designed so that files are written in scattered cells.

The ability to access any part of the memory directly and simultaneously read the cell causes this type of cache to be extremely fast.

On the other hand, the SSD is heavier on memory, so take a look at your budget before moving on.

Prices may have fallen over the past few years, but they still have many advantages over professionals.

Experts hope that with the advancement of SSD technology and capacity, professionals will no longer be professionals,

and ordinary users will enjoy the high speed of such products.

SSDs are also affected by temperature, but the increase in temperature is more tangible in HDD performance.

Increasing temperature is considered to be a factor in the wear and tear of any electronic component,

including both of these data storage devices, resulting in a reduction in service life.

So, in SSD memory,

the security mechanism is generally activated at temperatures above 4 knots, and you’ll notice a slower memory.

This will take you up to 5 degrees Celsius, so think about cooling the SSD.

Controlling the temperature and adjusting the airflow in relation to a desktop computer is not a difficult task,

but in a laptop, memory is surrounded by other components such as batteries, CPUs, and more.

You can use THERMAL PAD for SSDs in M.2 and mSATA invoices,

especially at high capacity of 1TB with the support of your system backup.

Both SSDLife Pro software for SSD memory and Hard Disk Sentinel software for HDD are good advisors for checking the operating temperature and cooling status of the current storage device and controlling the future storage device.

Internal or external drive, fittings and form factor

Storage equipment is available in either an internal drive or an external drive.

Your way of choosing the right one goes through the path of knowing how to plan and access your information.

Internal or external drive is the issue

– External drive

External storage devices that are outside the case inside their own compartments are known as external drives or external drives (external hard drives and external SSDs).

From the power source perspective, there are two types of external memory available in the market;

some models, which are generally high capacity memory,

require an external source (adapter), but most external memory is powered via a USB port.

At first glance, buying an external hard drive is exciting, but you should know that with any amount of resistance, you still have to put it in a safe place.

External memories are subject to crash and impact due to their type of application;

hence, in addition to conventional models, some are designed to be impact resistant;

External SSDs, of course, are resistant to impact and crash due to their nature and may only damage the frame in these situations.

Also, if you use single-cable models (such as a USB interface), you will face a challenge called junction port wear;

External hard drive manufacturers generally refer to the number of connection times and their health as part of the technical specifications.

But you have the capacity of internal storage, once the storage device is installed, each time you turn on the system;

While the computer case provides the best possible protection from the storage device and its contents.

– Internal drive

The drives inside the computer case can be connected to the motherboard in various ways by connecting the cable or even the slot.

This storage device is available in both HDD and SSD models. It is possible for you to connect multiple memory to the computer,

depending on the motherboard and the case space and power.

Internal storage can be used as an external hard drive in the future; you can use the Hard Drive Dock.

Like a connecting bridge,

the hard drive allows even old drives to connect to a laptop or computer through new interfaces such as USB 3.

What is a Form Factor?

Form factor refers to hardware design standards and dimensions. The form factor makes it possible for all components to fit in the case of the case or inside the laptop,

which requires modifications to the case structure.

Conversion brackets also follow the same standards for replacing different sizes.

The storage device as a cache, especially HDD, is more common in form factors such as 4.7 inches, 3.5 inches and 5 inches, but up to 2 forms can be introduced.

Desktops generally use memory with a 4.7-inch form factor and a 4.1-inch laptop, as well as a 1-inch form factor for smaller devices.

In SDDs, the 2.5-inch size is less common and is mostly used for backup purposes.

The 4.7-inch-size consumer electronics boasts its enthusiasm. The 2.5-inch size on desktops and the 4.4-inch size for laptops are the most widely used factors.

These are the two recent factors for HDD memory, which is an easy opportunity to replace these devices.

Smaller SDDs such as M.2 and PCIe are also available faster than SATA3.

Of course (for example) the form factor M.2 itself has a detailed family of different sizes that is referred to in the form factor name;

Be sure to support the motherboard and laptop before buying an SSD with formats like M.2.

It is worth noting that storage devices with two form factor M.2 and PCIe connect directly to the motherboard and are well received with high speed and power.

HDD Caddy

HDD (HDD Caddy) is a frame that is used in various dimensions to transform the frame of the storage device.

The conventional type is designed for the size of a laptop’s optical drive and according to standard form factor storage devices,

and can be replaced by a second hard drive instead of an optical drive.

Inside this frame is a space designed to accommodate new hard drives, especially SSD memory, in addition to having new memory space and more for recording data sources.

Use it as storage space to manage a second operating system different from the laptop operating system. Using the HDD Caddy is a good reason not to buy an external hard drive.

Connection Interface

If your storage technology enables high speeds but your cable is not fast enough, you will not benefit from your purchase.

Also, if your connection interface has high transfer capacity and storage technology cannot use the memory capacity, then the transfer rate of the data will not be pleasant.

In fact, choosing the connection cable for the storage device depends on the system and the device you are using the storage device for.

The ports on your system allow the device to communicate with the computer,

and there are typically ports on the motherboard called PATA, SATA, SCSI.

The interest in speeding up and transferring power required introduced storage devices with newer and faster connectivity,

and the USB interface along with its fast rival Thunderbolt competed;

Of course, PCI port interfaces are also available as fast examples,

and companies have also introduced wireless storage. Communication converters are also the last resort.

The external storage device interface is usually one of three or a combination of these:

USB port with a cable

FireWire port with cable

Wireless or Wireless over WiFi

Here’s an overview of the types of interfaces used to transfer data from memory.

– ATA connection interface

The ATA family, with all its good fortune, felt the need to change names in its genealogy at the birth of its first revolutionary generation (SATA),

and since then the PATA and SATA discussions have been relegated to interface selection topics;

But this family has often been overshadowed by its ancestral name, Integrated Drive Electronics, or IDE.

In the not too distant past, a motherboard had two common ways to connect to memory:

Use IDE cable for hard drives and SCSI cable for CD drive.

IDE cable had to overcome the challenge of direct access to memory (DMA) in the face of its faster SCSI rival

in order to speed up data exchange by lowering the motherboard CPU (CPU) load;

It was at this time that the Ultra DMA interface was created and devices were operating at a faster rate.

The situation improved with the introduction of the Ribbon-Wired Ultra DMA cable,

but the cable length was still a major obstacle to connecting farther drives or even connecting multiple drives.

These wired cables feature a blue connector and support for dual drive / sub drive or so-called slave / master capabilities;

But with parallel wires at the interface (Parallel ATA) during signal crossing and induction state,

there was a problem with Cross Talk which was a noise in the quality and speed of data transmission;

The cables would not be sent to the destination until further information was sent. The Cross Talk problem also prevents cable lengths from increasing;

But in the new generation of Serial ATAs, information was routed to the destination on a regular basis,

or in other words, by sequential information processing.

And that was a revolution in the ATA family. The first SATA had a lot to say with only 2pin instead of 4pin.

Two of the popular versions of the ATA family, the ATA-6, which had a speed of 1 MB / s and the ATA-7 cable,

or ATA-133, which provided the speed of 1 MB / s, were some of the best ATAs.

Most of today’s optical drives still use the IDE / PATA interface;

these cables have been used in a variety of disc drives that are gradually becoming obsolete in our country.

– SATA interface

SATA was introduced as a solution to improve the quality of communication over IDE cable based

on signaling technology to differentiate between data channels and noise reduction.

These cables are less wide than their predecessors,

and thanks to fewer pins, the electromagnetic interference caused by electrons passing through the cable will be less.

These cables are more bandwidth-free than PATA and have less noise passing through them.

Another difference with the previous model is that you can only communicate between two devices,

while the IDE model had the option of installing two devices with the same motherboard.

The SATA cable has its own variants; the now-obsolete SATA 1 cable has a speed of about 1.5 Gbps.

To date, the SATA cable is experiencing its third version at speeds of up to 5 GB / s,

due to the extra speed of SSDs.

While hard drives,

even at speeds of up to 2,000 rpm, found the same versions of the interfaces enough to work.

Hard disk drive speeds are about one-tenth the standard SATA 3 speed,

but even SATA 3 today may not be able to handle high speed SSDs.

 SATA 3 is supported by most devices today, but older versions use SATA 1 and SATA 2.

Changes to SATA 3 also include SATA Revision 3.1 and SATA Express. A version of the SATA called the Mini SATA (mSATA) is designed for use in the Small Factor Form (SFF);

But with the form factor M.2, which also supports SATA and NVMe, it has faced a fierce and popular rival.

Note that if the BIOS is not set to AHCI status, you will only get IDE features with SATA cable.

Memory and storage devices In today’s world, with the rapid development of technology,

new definitions of speed and capacity have been reached.

The concept of digital data capture,

the way it is accessed, and technologies such as flash are all contributing factors to this stunning growth and prosperity.

One can hardly say the world of information storage is experiencing Star Wars;

Different stars of information storage technologies with different technologies

and cultures of data capture who are facing each other in heavy fighting in the struggle for a larger territory.

Factors that can make storage device purchasing challenging for users are not just about understanding

the types of hard drives and their capacity, and other important issues to consider;

For example, if you feel you are in a phase where you need to buy third-party storage, you might want to take a look at how hard drives are.

This will make purchasing your new hard drive better with prudence and at a lower cost.

We then teamed up with Navid Shokati, Marketing Director of Idita Productions at Zoomit Studio to discuss the key concepts of SSD in ZoomCast.

Adding a solid-state drive (SSD) to your computer is simply the best upgrade at your disposal, capable of speeding up your computer in ways you hadn’t thought possible.

But as with any new technology, there’s plenty to learn. Here’s everything you should know about your SSD,

whether you’re interested in upgrading or just like to know the ins and outs of your hardware.